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As the spinal disc becomes less elastic, it can rupture. When the disc ruptures, a portion of the spinal disc pushes outside its normal boundary--this is called a herniated disc. When a herniated disc bulges out from between the vertebrae, the spinal nerves and spinal cord can become pinched. There is normally a little extra space around the spinal cord and spinal nerves, but if enough of the herniated disc is pushed out of place, then these structures may be compressed.
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) - medical terminology for the following: Lumbar radiculopathy; Cervical radiculopathy; Herniated intervertebral disk; Prolapsed intervertebral disk; Slipped disk; Ruptured disk A herniated nucleus pulposus is a slipped disk along the spinal cord. The condition occurs when all or part of the soft center of a spinal disk is forced through a weakened part of the disk. definition comes from the Univ. of Maryland Medical Center web site.
Vertebral foramen are the spaces between adjacent vertebrae where the spinal nerves exit the spinal canal.
spinal or intervertebral cavity
spinal nerves
Spinal Nerves
Intervertebral Foramina
provide passageways for spinal nerves that proceed between joining vertebrae and connect to the spinal cord.
The spinal nerves exit from the vertebral column through openings between adjacent vertebrae. These openings, called intervertebral foramina, are located just in front of the facet joints. They exit from what are called intervertebral foramina (foramen means opening).
Intervertebral foramina
There is narrowing of the spinal canal in spinal stenosis. This happens due to swollen ligamentum flavum or due to protrusion of the intervertebral disc or some other reason.
Intervertebral foramina. The left an right pedicles have notches on their inferior and superior surfaces that create openings, the intervertebral foramina, for spinal nerves to leave the spinal cord between adjacent vertebra. -human a&p lab manual, E. Marieb and S. Mitchell copyright 2011, 2008, 2006 Pearson Ed.