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In the US government, only the Article III (constitutional courts) are part of the Judicial Branch. Each state government has its own system of courts and rules about which are properly considered part of their Judicial Branch and which are not.

Federal Judicial Branch

  • Supreme Court of the United States
  • US Courts of Appeals Circuit Courts
  • US District Courts
  • US Court of International Trade

The Judicial Branch includes not only the courts, but all the justices, judges, federally employed prosecutors, public defenders and other attorneys, support staff, clerks of court, and many other people.

There are many many federal courts that were created under Congress' authority in Article I of the Constitution. These serve an important function in the federal court system, but are actually part of the Legislative Branch, not the Judicial Branch.

Article I Courts (examples)

  • US Bankruptcy Courts
  • US Tax Courts
  • US Court of Federal Claims
  • Military courts, including US Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
  • Court of Veteran's Claims
  • Administrative Law Courts (associated with government agencies)

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