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Anaesthesia can occur in multiple ways. Some affect spinal neurones (general anaesthetics), some affect the neurones close to the site of injection (local anaesthetic). There are many mechanisms, one of which is the blocking (antagonising) of Na+ channels. This prevents sodium ions from entering the neurone and thus prevents action potentials (nerve impulses) in the neurone.

If the neurone was sending nociceptive (pain) sensations then the pain will stop, as the impulse cannot reach the brain.

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