This energy is called ionization energy and is different for each chemical element.
This is called ionization energy, different for each chemical element.
Ionization energy
Ionization
First EA is usually exothermic as energy is released when the nucleus attarcts an electron is larger than the energy taken in to overcome their inter-electronic repulsion. Second EA is always endothermic since electron is added to a negative ion. Energy is needed to overcome the repulsion between the two negatively charged species.
Because Be contains more protons and thus has greater nuclear positivity which exerts a stronger attraction for its electrons which requires more energy to remove one of the electrons leading to a higher ionization potential.
Moving particles
Simplest method - apply a voltage to a conductor.
The electrons from water are taken by the special chlorophyll a molecules in Photosystem II. This energy is what creates ATP in the Electron Transport Chain in addition to NADPH.
This is false. The ionization energy is the amount of energy that is required to remove the electron. Therefore, if it requires more energy, it is harder to remove the electron.
No, the energy released by electron might be taken by enviornment. Electron remains in the infuence of corresponding nuclei, in another energy level.
First EA is usually exothermic as energy is released when the nucleus attarcts an electron is larger than the energy taken in to overcome their inter-electronic repulsion. Second EA is always endothermic since electron is added to a negative ion. Energy is needed to overcome the repulsion between the two negatively charged species.
Because Be contains more protons and thus has greater nuclear positivity which exerts a stronger attraction for its electrons which requires more energy to remove one of the electrons leading to a higher ionization potential.
Moving particles
Electron micrograph
Sodium has ONE valence electron in its outer shell that is to be donated to any kind of oxidant. By then the outer (3rd) shell (of the Na+ ion) is EMPTY, so the 2nd shell has become the outmost, containing 8 electrons (Ne-configuration). No electrons at all are taken up by sodium.
electron micrograph
Simplest method - apply a voltage to a conductor.
in this step the energy carried by electrons is used to synthesize (ATP). In electron transport chain NADH and FADH2 realese electrons and hydrogen ions. These electrons are taken up by a series of electron carriers. When electrons move through the series of electron carriers they lose electrons and hydrogen ions combine with moleculaer oxygen to form water.
The electrons from water are taken by the special chlorophyll a molecules in Photosystem II. This energy is what creates ATP in the Electron Transport Chain in addition to NADPH.
What happens when thermal energy is taken away