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The regulation of heterotrimeric G-proteins is similar to the regulation of signal transduction. Just like in signal transduction, the activation and deactivation of heterotrimeric G-proteins involve different regulatory mechanisms such as phosphorylation, nucleotide binding, and protein-protein interactions. Both processes play crucial roles in cellular signaling and control various physiological functions.
No; the major intracellular anion is phosphate.
An advantage of the phosphorylation cascade is that is can be helpful to regulate the activation of proteins.
A kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of a substrate using Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) as the donor of the Phosphate Group which then becomes covalently linked to the substrate.
mithochondrion
Hydrolases
The intracellular environment is best described as organelles, cytoplasm, water, proteins, and other chemicals, nucleus.
An arrestin is any of a group of proteins which regulate signal transduction within cells.
They are the enzymes mainly. They are tertiary proteins
chaperone proteins (chaperonins)
GAP
Intracellular receptors. They are receptor proteins found on the inside of the cell, typically in the cytoplasm or nucleus