The Andromeda Galaxy is the closest large galaxy to us and is approximately 2.5 million light years away!
The Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy is the closest galaxy of any size that we know of. It's about 70,000 light years from Earth, or about 50,000 light years from the galactic center, and orbits the Milky Way.
The center of the galaxy is too far away for us to see what's there.
The "baby boom" galaxy is approximately 12.2 billion light years away from us.
A long time ago in a galaxy far away...
a long long time ago in a galaxy far far away
The farther a galaxy, the faster it moves away from us.
Dwingeloo 1 galaxy is about 9 million light years from us. Dwingeloo 2 a satellite galaxy of D1 is about 10 million light years from us.
That has nothing to do with the "type"; it is how far they are away from Earth. Due to the general expansion of the Universe, galaxies that are far way from us systematically move away from us - the farther away, the faster. It is only nearby galaxies which may happen to move towards us.
-- Once you get past our "local group", every galaxy is moving away from us. -- The farther any galaxy is from us, the faster it's moving away from us.
Two nearby galaxies are Andromeda galaxy and Triangulum galaxy. Andromeda galaxy is about 2.56 million light years away from us. Triangulum galaxy is about 3 million light years away from us.
The farther away another galaxy is from our solar system the less effect that the gravitational pull will have on that galaxy.Thus allowing the other galaxy to travel at a faster rate.
Orion is a constellation, not a galaxy. The stars in it appear to form a pattern but they are not a unit and they are all completely different distances away. So there is no definitive distance that you can say Orion is away from us. You can only talk about the distance of individual stars that are in it.
There are no known planets in any galaxy other than our own. While it is doubtless that other galaxies, including the cigar galaxy, contain planets they are much too far away fur us to detect them.