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A computer monitor is usually controlled by, and connected to, a "card" -- an adapter -- which is installed into a slot on the mainboard peripherals bus (see Note #2 below). The adapter may be called a "graphics card", "graphics adapter", "video card", "video adapter", or (least often) "monitor adapter".

The adapter typically has a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) which is a microprocessor specialized for graphics data processing, and high speed Video Random Access Memory (VRAM) chips. Usually, the more memory capacity, the faster the rate at which the GPU can process and output changes to the monitor's display screen.

Some mainboards have all of the components of a video adapter directly on the mainboard, and the monitor is cabled directly to a connector on one edge of the mainboard. Usually, though, the mainboard graphics can be turned off via the BIOS, a video adapter that has better capabilities and features can be installed, and the monitor is then cabled to the connector on the adapter.

Note 1: Ordinarily the connection between the monitor and the adapter is via cable, but it can be wireless. A wireless monitor will have a signal receiver, and the corresponding wireless adapter will have a signal transmitter. Both the receiver and transmitter must use the same frequency and channel to communicate. They often can be configured to use the same spectrum as wireless routers, and wireless telephones (i.e., one with a handset that is not connected to the base unit with a cable). But two or more such devices cannot use the same frequency and channel(s) because they will interfere with one another. So you must carefully choose the spectrum frequencies, channels, etc., to avoid interference by a device with the operation of another device(s) while they are also in use.

Note 2: Some graphics adapters can be installed into an Advanced Graphics Port (AGP) slot if one is available on the mainboard, although the AGP is seldom used by graphics cards that have been sold by manufacturers since about 2003.

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