Sorry- there IS no "better"- just different. The .308 has more power than the 30-30, and is a longer range cartridge, but also has much more recoil. The 30-30 is popular in lever actions, and is a short, handy rifle for shooting at 200 yards or less.
308 is better it is a higher caliber and shoots farther unless you want a cheap gun 308s are more expensive making you want to choose a sucky brand 308 which makes the 270 better.
"Better" is a subjective term. Without more information, neither is "better"
Not always. The gun should be selected for the purpose it is to be used.
Neither one is "better" per se. It boils down to your skills and the intended use.
200
plenty
want ad, gun show, gun shop
50-200
Probably the 300 is going to give you better performance when it comes to accuracy. I sure am a fan of the 3030 as a nice lever gun though.
100-1000 USD or so
No, it does not.
the bet gun to deer hunt with is a 30-06 or a 308