modprobe module_name inserts a module
rmmod module_name removes a module
Ubuntu uses the Linux kernel, which is a monolithic kernel with loadable modules.
Efficiency. Thanks to modules, the kernel doesn't have to have every last driver loaded and running, nor does the user have to recompile the kernel every time they need to load or unload or update a driver. Before the Linux kernel adopted modules, one had to recompile and reconfigure the kernel any time they wanted to change drivers. Today it's as simple as unloading and reloading modules. Some people, however, like to disable modules and build everything into their kernel when they create a custom Linux kernel. This is done largely because when someone makes a custom kernel there is no question what drivers and pieces of the kernel will be needed, and modules would be unneeded.
Modules are pieces of binary data that can be loaded into the Linux kernel at run time. These are typically drivers for devices or file systems.
The .ko extension is placed on kernel modules (loadable drivers) in Linux. Further, '.ko' extension is called 'kernel Object', and is implemented from kernel 2.6 onwards, this is perhaps the biggest change as far as loadable kernel modules are concerend. For example, the serial device driver that in Linux 2.4 lived in the file 'serial.o' in Linux 2.6 lives in the file 'serial.ko' .
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Linux is licensed under the GPL. This means that if you use the kernel in one of your products, you must release any changes that you made. You can use proprietary modules, but these are restricted in what they are allowed to do. Only freely licensed modules can access all features of the kernel.
Windows (at least in Vista)The commandDRIVERQUERY /FO LISTshould return a list of drivers in use and their locations.LinuxThe commandlsmodwill return a list of kernel modules currently in use.modprobe -lwill return a (very long) list of all the kernel modules in the system.
There is no iptable commandiptables is a Linux command.iptables is a user space application program that allows a system administrator to configure the tables provided by the Linux kernel firewall (implemented as different Netfilter modules) and the chains and rules it stores. Different kernel modules and programs are currently used for different protocols; iptables applies to IPv4, ip6tables to IPv6, arptables to ARP, and ebtables to Ethernet frames.
The mount command instructs the kernel to access the file system on a partition or device.
1. Download the source code from kernel.org 2. Extract the source. 3. Issue the command "make menuconfig". 4. Make any configuration changes you need 5. Save 6. Issue the command "make" 7. Issue the command "make modules". 8. Issue the command "make install" 9. Edit your bootloader to point to the new kernel.
semaphore.h is in the kernel source. If you're looking for it for your particular distribution (such as for compiling modules), look in the kernel source package or install the kernel headers.
Linux is the kernel.