land transport of goods and services was expensive
The Mediterranean Sea is between Europe and the middle east.
increased growth in towns and cities
Limited use of books in universities
Trade flourished
The Vikings had a relatively limited effect on the Byzantine Empire during the Middle Ages. While they did engage in trade and some raids in the region, their impact was minimal compared to their influence on Western Europe. The Byzantine Empire's established political structures, trade networks, and military strength helped it withstand Viking incursions, and interactions primarily involved commerce rather than significant cultural or societal changes.
great increase in commerce in Europe that began in the late middle age.
The Mediterranean Sea is between Europe and the middle east.
increased growth in towns and cities
increased growth in towns and cities
The Crusades increased the population of trade between Europe and the Middle East.
No, the middle passage was the trip from Africa to the Americas.
Middle East in between Asia and Europe
because it is smaller
Limited use of books in universities
Italy
terds
The middle colonies