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The principle that might apply here is momentum. Momentum is mass times velocity. What should be pointed out is that velocity is speed that has a direction vector. (If the car is moving ahead in a straight line it is traveling at "x" miles per hour "forward".) The car is moving forward and comes into contact with the truck. That seems to be where the question is looking. The mass of the car times its velocity is its momentum, and this represents the energy that it is carrying into the collision. This energy will have end up being distributed among the various parts and components of the car and the truck that are compressed, deformed and/or broken by the collision. The amount of damage will be proportional to the momentum. The more the momentum (the more the "forward" energy) of the car, the more compression, deformation and breakage there will be. Was everyone wearing seat belts? Are you in good hands?

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Q: Which law of motion is applicable to a moving car that makes it likely that it will be damaged when it collides with a truck?
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