limestone blocks ;0)
when concrete is vibrated while pouring in to the form work, the cement slurry part tends to get drained through voids between aggregates and the richest part of cement slurry is detained at bottom portion of column. this causes a strong, dense, and void free concrete which ensures better compressive strength than the concrete on top portion of column.
To calculate the self-weight of a column, first determine the volume of the column by multiplying its cross-sectional area by its height. Then multiply the volume by the density of the material the column is made of (typically concrete or steel) to obtain the self-weight.
short column get failed due to crushing force only while long column got failed due to bending moment as well..
reinforced concrete prise
as per ACI , the ratio between column & beam concrete grades dont exceed 1.4
Column efficiency refers to the ability of a column in chromatography to separate compounds effectively. A more efficient column will result in better separation of components in a mixture and sharper peaks in the chromatogram. Efficiency is influenced by factors such as column length, particle size, and packing material.
A Lally Lock column is a concrete filled steel column that does not need to have the cap or base plates welded. The top end of the column is fitted with an embedded fastening unit that will accept a 1/2" screw to fasten the cap plate onto the column. The bottom end it just concrete and can be cut with a pipe cutter. Base plates are fastened with concrete screws.
A Lally Lock column is a concrete filled steel column that does not need to have the cap or base plates welded. The top end of the column is fitted with an embedded fastening unit that will accept a 1/2" screw to fasten the cap plate onto the column. The bottom end it just concrete and can be cut with a pipe cutter. Base plates are fastened with concrete screws.
To increase the concrete cover on an existing column, you can apply a layer of shotcrete or form a new concrete jacket around the column. First, clean the surface of the existing concrete to ensure proper bonding. Then, create forms to contain the new concrete, ensuring that the additional cover meets the required thickness. Finally, pour or spray the new concrete mix and allow it to cure adequately.
A concrete column in a multifloor building must have ample steel reinforcement for the components that rest upon it. Welded 'haunches' are used to support the weight of girders and other pieces that rest on the column.
the column is some strange scientist
24hours with concrete grade 35