expecto patronum! ~:)
What supplies a dc motor is not current, but voltage. Current is what flows in the circuit formed by the dc motor and for the charge. That current varies according to the resistance of the circuit.
In the circuit where the DC motor is added, it was not specified whether the motor was added in series or in parallel to circuit elements. If it was added in series, it will increase circuit resistance and it will cause circuit current to go down. In parallel, the motor will reduce total circuit resistance, and circuit current will increase.
They are magnetically coupled--a current in one circuit induces a current in the other one in both a transformer and an induction motor.
Electrical overloads are caused by the load amperage increasing above what it should normally be. On a motor load this could be a request for the motor to do more work than the motor is capable of, working outside of its HP rating. In a house circuit an overload is created by plugging more devices into the circuit than the circuit breaker can handle. Again the load current will be higher than the circuit will allow and the circuit will open by the tripping of the breaker.
Fusing depends on the load characteristics. If the load is a motor then the fusing is higher to allow the motor inrush to start the motor and not trip the fuse protection. Resistive loads are usually fused at the wire ampacity allowed for that load current.
Circuit
No, not directly. The supply voltage has to rise or the resistance has to fall to get over-current. If there was a secondary control voltage that was part of a voltage control circuit for a higher voltage, it is conceivable that a voltage drop in control circuit could cause an over-voltage in the supply. Motors are constant power devices, so this could be true for a motor. If you have a 1hp motor (loaded at 1hp), it will want to draw 1hp of power no matter the supply voltage. If the voltage dips, the motor will require more current to keep it spinning at it's normal speed.
The size of grounding wires is dependant upon what the motor current category the motor fall into. The higher the motor amperage is, the higher the fault current will be so the larger the conductor size has to be to carry the fault current.
The selection of overload protection for motors is taken from a table in the electrical code book. It is based on the full load current rating of the motor.
11.5 x 240 = 2760W motor.
A motor is not needed in a circuit, a motor is an electrical load for the current to drive, but the circuit can perform with other types of load - such as a lamp, a transformer, a heating coil, or any electronic load. if you mean 'why does an electric motor need a circuit?' this is because the motor is an electrical device which has coils of wire to produce a magnetic field, without the circuit it cannot function.
To measure small amounts of current in a circuit, it is utilized with the motor effect.