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Which type of cells are specialized for movement of the body?
Muscle cells are specialized for movement of the body. They have extra mitochondria so that they can utilize the energy necessary to contract muscles. A whole chain of muscle cells contracting will cause the muscle to "flex."
What traits do drug molecules with chain branching have?
The potency of the drug decreases with branching. This is probably due to decreased pharmacokinetics and decreased pharmacodynamics.
How does chain-branching affect the contact surface area between molecules?
Chain-branching increases the contact surface area between molecules, leading to stronger interactions and potentially altering the properties of the material.
Why does viscosity go on increasing with increasing chain length of straight-chain alkanes but for isomeric alkanes viscosity increase with branching?
Viscosity increases with increasing chain length of straight-chain alkanes while that for isomeric alkanes increase with branching because of the difference in the number of rings contained within their hydrocarbons.
What are the different types of alkyl groups, including isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, and tert-butyl, and how do they differ in their chemical structures and properties?
Alkyl groups are branches of hydrocarbon molecules. Isopropyl has a three-carbon chain with a branching methyl group. Isobutyl has a four-carbon chain with a branching methyl group. Sec-butyl has a four-carbon chain with a branching ethyl group. Tert-butyl has a four-carbon chain with three methyl groups attached to a central carbon. These groups differ in their branching patterns, affecting their chemical reactivity and physical properties.
Where does the branching occur in starch?
Branching of starch occurs at the alpha-1,6 glycosidic linkages, where a glucose unit branches off from the main chain. This branching structure contributes to the compact and helical organization of starch molecules, which affects their digestibility and functionality.
Increase branching of a hydrcarbon has what effect on its octane rating?
Increasing branching in a hydrocarbon generally increases its octane rating. This is because branching reduces the likelihood of pre-ignition or knocking in the engine, which is a common issue with straight-chain hydrocarbons. Branching increases the efficiency of combustion, leading to a higher octane rating.
What effect does branching of an alkane chain has on its boiling point?
Branching of an alkane chain decreases the boiling point. This is because branching disrupts the ability of molecules to stack closely together, reducing the overall intermolecular forces (London dispersion forces) between molecules. As a result, less energy is required to overcome these weaker forces, leading to a lower boiling point.
What is the chemical composition of cell wall in plants and fungi?
Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose, while fungal cells walls are composed of chitin. Both are long-chain starches comprised of many glucose subunits.
How does boiling and melting points vary as branching in a hydrocarbon chain increase?
As branching increases, the size of the molecule is more (when compared to its unbranched isomer). Hence there are more number of molecules per unit area / volume. Hence the melting point increases, as branching increases.
What are branching chains?
Generally branched chain hydrocarbons is where substituent groups (e.g. -methyl, CH3 or -hydroxy, OH) are attached onto the main chain of hydrocarbons. Branching is often used to shorten the chain length of hydrocarbons as shorter chain are more valuable. Branching is a type of reforming or isomerism of hydrocarbons. For example of the branched hydrocarbon of butane changes from: H H H H H CH3 H H - C - C - C - C - H to 2-methylpropane H - C - C - C - H H H H H H H H Very simply branching just changes the shape of a hydrocarbon
What is a hydrocarbon chain called when it is bent?
A hydrocarbon chain that is bent is called a branched hydrocarbon chain. This means that the carbon atoms in the chain are not arranged in a linear fashion, but rather have additional side chains branching off.
