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The part of the eye that responds to light by generating a small electrical signal is the retina,specifically the "rods" and "cones" ... the light-sensitive cells in the retina. In the languageof the analogy that compares the structure of the eye to the structure of a camera, the retinais the eye's "film" (or CCD).
A light bulb can be part of a circuit.
It's all about electronics and something called an image intensifier (II). The II takes incoming light, which is of low energy in addition to their not being much of it, and it puts it onto an "electron emitter" where a photon of low energy light will kick out a photoelectron. This photoelectron (basically one photoelectron per incoming photon) is accelerated and then slammed into another "electron emitter" which will, because the incoming photoelectrons have been accelerated, kick out a bunch of photoelectrons per one of the incoming photoelectrons. That's the amplification part. The many photoelectrons now coming off this second electron emitter slam into a phosphor coated screen, and they cause the emission of enough photons to create an image the viewer can resolve. A link to the Wikipedia article on night vision devices is provided, and you'll find that link below.
object that allows part of the light pass thru?
The light diaphragm
A parabolic mirror best focuses light onto a spot. Or a convex lens will do similar. In the eye, the lens towards the front of the eye focuses light onto the retina, where the light sensitive cells lie.
The list of choices you included with your question doesn't include any part of atelescope that can do that. I would have picked the objective, whether a lens ora mirror.
This part is called a Lens, on the camera and the glasses the are made of either optical glass or optical plastic, in the eye the lens in an organic material. Lens allow light to enter the camera, eye or glasses, and focuses that light on a surface such as the camera's film, the eye's retina, and the glasses wearer's eyes.
The lens.
The shutter.
The lens.
The Shutter.
Televison Camera
As in a camera, this part is usually called an iris diaphragm. It can make the aperture bigger to let in more light, or smaller to make the image sharper. The shutter in a camera is not the same thing.
The CCD is the part of the camera that changes the light that enters the camera into a digital signal that is then saved on the memory card. You can think of it as where the film would be in a regular 35mm film camera.
condenser - lens system that aligns and focuses the light from the lamp onto the specimen diaphragms or pinhole apertures
Cornea: Transmits & focuses light into the eye. Lens: Focuses light rays onto the retina. Retina: Creates impulses to the brain. Thepupil is a hole located in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to enter the retina.