The mantle :-)
The tropics
it does reach the earth in light energy.
At the poles.
Absorbed
Yes because we use the suns energy and not polluting the earth.
~.08
its about just 1%
waves
it goes into the inner core.
Waves of heat and light, called radiation, travel to earth.
Most of it travels to Earth via light, and similar electromagnetic waves.
The chloroplasts turn the sun's energy into a kind of sugar.