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the power of the catholic church was weakened
Protestants have many different beliefs. When Martin Luther broke with the Roman Catholic Church he summarized his differences as only Grace, only Faith, and only Scripture. He continued to accept the Apostles Creed, the Nicene Creed, and many other Christian teachings used by the Roman Catholics. Different protestant groups have different beliefs. The differences in procedures are usually much greater than the differences in doctrine.
Some positive effects of the Protestant Reformation include the promotion of literacy and education as the Bible was translated into local languages, the challenge to the dominant authority of the Catholic Church led to greater religious freedom and diversity, and the emphasis on individual interpretation of scripture led to a greater sense of personal responsibility in matters of faith. Additionally, the Reformation sparked social and political changes, such as the decline of feudalism and the rise of nation-states.
Elizabeth I was, ostensibly, a Protestant. England was a Protestant country although there were many English people who followed the Roman Catholic faith. Elizabeth's position on religion was that there was only one God, and all else was a discussion about trifles (not the dessert, 'trifles' meaning inconsequential bickerings.) She did not seek windows into mens' souls.
There are only four canonical (means standard, or officially recognized as a rule of faith) gospels, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John and these 4 appear in both Roman Catholic and Protestant Bibles. There are several non-canonical Gospels, such as the Gospel of Thomas, that have attracted attention lately for a variety of reasons, but these gospels have never been officially recognized or included in the Bible of either Roman Catholic or Protestant church.
Isreal is the only Jewish nation in the world.
Lutheranism is one of the first protestant denominations. They believe in the bible as the only authority on life, and that salvation comes from faith in God alone. Other than that, there are no specific rules. Each local branch has it's own customs.
Defining and setting forth Protestant beliefs in full would take a book. For this purpose,we'll confine ourselves to setting down the major principles.1. Only Scripture is the basis of the Christian faith and the church.2. Only By Grace - we are saved by God's grace alone, and not by any works3. Only by Faith - it is our faith in God's grace that enables our salvation4. Only by Christ - salvation comes only through Jesus Christ and not through any other way.5. Only for God's Glory - this is done for the Glory of GodIn other words, the Protestant Church accepts all orthodox Christian Trinitarian doctrine as set out in the Nicene Creed. However, some Protestant Churches accept, to a lesser degree, reason and tradition as well as scripture as the basis for doctrine (eg the Anglican Church). But scripture always takes precedence.However, the Protestant Church rejects the teachings of Rome in various Roman doctrines. These include:PurgatoryLimboThe over veneration of MaryTraditions surrounding Mary (eg the identity of her mother, grandparents etc, her perpetual virginal state, her assumption)the selling of indulgencesthe infallibility of the popepraying to dead saintsusing saints to intercede (Jesus is our only mediator and advocate)transubstantiation and the doctrines surrounding the continual sacrifice at the massand many others. The Protestant Church believes these have no substance either in scripture or historically and are therefore heretical.
The movement mostly occured in France, though there were a few Americans (Cassatt being the only very famous one).
Developed complex institutions
North Korea is the only nation to border both China and South Korea.
No nation that exists on this earth