It's called DNS and it uses both TCP and UDP.
DNS
An IP Address, or Internet Protocol Address. Each device has one.
ARP
ARP
The Windows command arp stands for address resolution protocol which simply transforms an IP address to its corresponding physical network address.And 'arp -a' simply lists down the physical network addresses of the network devices connected to the current PC.
ARP address resolution protocol
ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol, a network layer protocol used to convert an IP address into a physical address, such as an Ethernet address. A host wishing to obtain a physical address broadcasts an ARP request onto the TCP/IP network. The host on the network that has the IP address in the request then replies with its physical hardware address.
internet provider Its actually internet protocol. Every computer on the network has to have its own address, this address is called the IP address. Though since you asked what is IP. IP is just a protocol.
The networking protocol that uses a 32-bit address is an IP (Internet Protocol).
DHCP and port 68 conquerorthecomputer.blogspot.com
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.
It allows computers to "talk" each other in network.
It matches a resource name with the required network address.