Both Oklahoma and Missouri suffered very destructive tornadoes in 2011. Missouri was hit the hardest because of the Joplin tornado but that state is not entirely in Tornado Alley. Overall, the worst tornado damage in 2011 was in Alabama, but that state is several hundred miles from Tornado Alley.
Yes, "Tornado Alley" should be capitalized because it is a proper noun referring to a specific region in the central United States known for its frequent tornado activity.
That state would be Texas - although the parts of the state that get hurricanes and the part that is in tornado alley are rather far apart. The Gulf coast gets hurricanes. Tornado alley stretches down into the upper part of Texas near Oklahoma. Fortunately the two areas are hundreds of miles apart. Unfortunately hurricanes have been known to spawn some tornadoes so that even areas that are not part of tornado alley may get tornadoes in connection with a hurricane.
Both. Tornado Alley is a region in the central United States where there is a higher incidicence of strong tornadoes than anywhere else. However, strong tornadoes have been recorded in most U.S. states and most states east of the Rockies have recorded at least one violent (F4 or F5) tornado.
The strongest winds ever recorded in a tornado (302 mph +/- 20) occurred in the Moore, Oklahoma F5 tornado of May 3, 1999.However, actual wind measurements from tornadoes are rare, so other tornadoes may have been stronger, but never had their winds measured.Another good candidate for the strongest tornado in Tornado Alley is the Jarrell, Texas tornado of May 27, 1997, which produced the most extreme tornado damage ever documented.
There are two explanations for that and they are both likely factors. First, in areas where tornadoes are rare there is less tornado preparedness, and some people might not know to take shelter, especially if there are no sirens. Some people might not even take warnings seriously, believing that a tornado couldn't actually happen in their area. By contrast, in many parts of Tornado Alley tornado drills are almost as routine as fire drills. Secondly some of the less tornado prone areas, such as the northeastern United States, are more densely populated than the largely rural Tornado Alley, giving tornadoes a greater opportunity to cause fatalities.
Eventually, yes. New York, both the state and the city, get tornadoes. However, there is no way of known when these tornado will happen.
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It can be affected by both. Arlington is in Tornado Alley and has been hit by tornadoes. It is too far inland to get actual hurricanes, but it can still get showers and thunderstorms from remnants of hurricanes.
both are passageways
The are a combination of factors. Tornado Alley is located in the central U.S. as that is where warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico meets with cool air from Canada and dry air from the Rocky Mountains. The warm, moist air acts a fuel for thunderstorms while the incoming cool, or dry air mass, sometimes both, act as a trigger for their development. Other conditions such as an inversion cap and wind shear (see related question for details) give these storms the potential to produce tornadoes. These converging factors create a region ideal for tornado formation.
The worst tornado was the Daulatpur-Salturia tornado in Bangladesh, it killed more than 1300 people but its intensity is unknown.