Chlorine production in the United States accounts for almost 30 percent of the world's capacity, but there is little international movement of chlorine because of difficulties related to its transportation and storage.
Minnesota, Idaho, North Dakota, California, and Michigan led in U.S. sugar beet production in 2003
Chlorine is an example of a halogen element. It is a highly reactive nonmetal that is often used for disinfecting water and in the production of various chemical products.
Chlorine can be used as a disinfectant for water treatment to kill bacteria and other microorganisms. It is also used in the production of PVC plastics, solvents, and in the manufacture of bleach. Additionally, chlorine is used in the production of various pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals.
Mercury was used in the past for the production of chlorine because it could form an amalgam with chlorine, making it easier to separate chlorine gas from the electrolysis process. However, the use of mercury in chlorine production has declined due to environmental concerns surrounding the toxic effects of mercury exposure.
Asbestos and polymers which make up the diaphragm are readily abundant and cheap and make the production of chlorine by the diaphragm method an economically advantageous process.
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During electrolysis of hydrochloric acid, chlorine gas is produced at the anode. This is because chloride ions are oxidized to form chlorine gas.
About 60-70% of the chlorine in the Earth is attributed to natural sources, such as volcanic emissions and sea spray. The remaining chlorine comes from human activities, like the production of chemicals and chlorine-based products.
Railroads and steamships led to the globalization of production and world trade. Production was further aided by the assembly line.
The balanced equation for the production of hydrogen chloride from hydrogen and chlorine is: H2 + Cl2 -> 2HCl. This equation shows that one molecule of hydrogen reacts with one molecule of chlorine to produce two molecules of hydrogen chloride.