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If you mean what it is used for, its most common uses are for weather forecasting, and communications, like satellite TV and radio.
The frequency is too low.
In an age of geocentric satellites, the moon's orbit would preclude its reliability. However, the moon was used as a type of 'communications sat' back in the 50s, and modern-day satellites grew from that program. See link.
Cables are not used, the satellite emits radio waves
Meteroligical satellite
Yes, Its the same type of cable used by satellite TV installers.
Meteroligical satellite
parabolic
In up-link the portion of a communications link used for the transmission of signals from an earth terminal to a satellite platform.. a down link is the link from a satellite to a ground station..
A satellite phone is a mobile phone that connect to an satellite in orbit rather than a cell tower. These types of phones are commonly used by military serving overseas because they can get a signal all over the Earth.
Gamma rays
Microwaves. These poke through the ionosphere to reach the satellite