In Physics, through 2012 . . .
1930 . . . . . Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
1983 . . . . . Subramanyan Chandrasekhar
The Nobel Prize Committee. It's all one entity.
The Nobel in Physics is awarded for extraordinary physicists who have contributed tremendously to the field of physics and advancements for humanity. All Nobel Physics laureates have done some discoveries/theories/experiments so extraordinary that they changed or further enhanced our contemporary knowledge.
Albert Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his 1905 paper on the photo-electric effect, in which light hitting a metal surface could generate electricity. This was the theoretical basis for all of the solar power collectors that you see everywhere.
Please visit http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/all/ for more information
When someone, usually in the media or in a TV-show, talks about winning the Nobel Prize, they are most often referring the Nobel Prize in Science. This is a very lose way of referring to it; The Nobel Prize is not ONE prize but several given annually to a number of fields including: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. They are all undeniably considered honorable to win, and boosts one's career within their respective field. Very few ever win a Nobel Prize twice. All of the them are given in Sweden with the exception of the Peace Prize, which is given in Norway.
To my knowledge the Prizes are in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Economics, and Peace Prize. No prize for Psychology. You can see a list of all laureates at http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/all/
In Nobel's will, he left only one requirement for the recipient of his Peace Prize: that it go "to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses that is the answer to that questions Peace, Literature, Chemistry, Physics... this is all I can remember
Mohandas Ghandi was nominated several times for the Nobel Peace Prize, but the Norwegian Nobel Prize committee never actually voted to give him the prize. They may have been too narrow minded, or they may have been afraid of the British . . . after all, Ghandi helped India gain their independence from Britain.
nobel prize winer in 1901
Some Nobel Prize winners for the 1900s included Mother Theresa and Betty Williams. A complete list of the prize winners for all years can be found on the Nobel Prize website.
Please visit http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/all/ for more information.
I would say, all of them. The mere fact of getting the Nobel Prize will make them famous. You can find a list of Nobel Prize winners in the Wikipedia article "List of Nobel laureates".