What are block mountains for class 6?
Write a short note on ‘The African National Congress.
Answer: The African National Congress, a group of people who led the struggle against the system of apartheid. Dr. Nelson Mandela was their leader. The struggle got intensified under his leadership. He fought the apartheid system for several years. Finally, the system was abolished in 1994 and South Africa became a democratic country in which people of all races were considered equal.
What are apartheid laws?
Answer: South Africa was earlier governed by apartheid laws. South African people were divided into white, black, Indian and coloured races. According to apartheid laws, these races were not allowed to mingle with each other, to live near each other or even to use common facilities.
Explain social justice in detail.
Answer: Justice is defined as social, economic and political. Social justice implies that all citizens are treated equally irrespective of their status in society as a result of the accident of birth, race, caste, religion, title etc. However, the state may make provisions for the advancement of socially and economically backward classes of citizens.
4.Describe the Functions of the Gram Sabha.
Answer: The Gram Sabha performs various tasks:
It keeps control on the Gram Panchayat. It makes the Gram Panchayat play its role and be responsible
It is the place where all plans for the work of the Gram Panchayat are placed before the people
The Gram Sabha prevents the Panchayat from doing wrong things which may include misusing money, or favouring certain people
It keeps an eye on the elected representatives and in making them responsible to the persons who elected them
5.Describe the composition of a Vintage Panchayat.
Answer: A Village Panchayat is divided into wards. Each ward elects a representative who is known as the Ward Member, also called Panch. All the members of the Gram Sabha also elect a Sarpanch who is called Panchayat President. The Ward Panchs and the Sarpanch from the Gram Panchayat. The tenure of the Gram Panchayat is five years.
The Gram Panchayat and Gram Sabha have a common Secretary. He is a person whom the government appoints. Thus, he is not an elected person. The Secretary is responsible for calling the meeting of the Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat. He also keeps records of the proceedings of the meeting.
6.Write a brief note on the three levels of Panchayats.
Answer: The Panchayati Raj System is a process through which people participate in their own government. The Panchayati Raj System is the first tier or level of democratic government. It extends to two other levels. One is the Block level, which is called the Janpad Panchayat or the Panchayat Samiti. Above the Panchayat Samiti is the District Panchayat or the Zila Parishad.
7.Write a short note on the ‘ashvamedha’ ritual
Answer: The 'ashvamedha' (horse sacrifice) was a ritual used to recognise men as rajas. A horse was left to wander freely. If it wandered into another kingdom and the king of that kingdom stopped it, they had to fight. The 'raja' who succeeded in the challenge was recognised as stronger. He would then perform the sacrifice, in which other kings would also come.
8.Write a short note on the governance system in ‘ganas’ or ‘sanghas’?
Answer:In ganas or 'sanghas', these were not one but many rulers. Even if there were several men together, each was called a raja. They performed rituals together. They met in assemblies and took decisions. Women, dasas and 'kammakaras' were not allowed to participate in these assemblies.
9.Write a short note on the Buddha’s teachings.
Ans: The Buddha said that life is full of suffering and unhappiness. He said that its cause lies in our unfulfilled desires and dissatisfaction (‘tanhaj. He suggested a moderation in everything as a solution. He told people to be kind and to respect each and every life. Our actions (‘Karma’) affect us in this life and the further ones. The Buddha encouraged people to think for themselves rather than simply accept his teachings.
Write a short note on Mahavira’s teachings.
Ans: Mahavira said that those who wish to know the truth must leave their homes. People must follow ‘ahimsa’. The Jaines had to leave very simple lives and be very honest throughout. The men had to give up clothes.
