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The twelve tribes of Israel are the descendants of the twelve sons of the biblical patriach who was originally called 'Jacob', but had his name changed to 'Israel' . (Jacob was the grandson of Abraham.)

Jacob's 12 sons were:-

-Reuben

-Simeon

-Levi

-Judah

-Issachar

-Zebulun

-Dan

-Naphtali

-Gad

-Asher

-Joseph

-Benjamin

Jacob/Israel had 12 sons of his own, (Reuben to Benjamin), so, in that respect, Israel had 12 sons: all through The Bible God refers to the "twelve tribes" of Israel.

However, the tribe of Levi was separated by God to be a tribe of priests [See Numbers 1:50-51]: all the priests of Israel were to come from the tribe of Levi, and they were not to go to war or be counted in a census [Numbers 1:49], and Israel also adopted Joseph's 2 sons (Ephraim and Manasseh) as his own [Genesis 48:15].

This adds up to more than 12 tribes, but the number of tribes in Scripture is always twelve, depending on the terms of reference and purpose required, done by adding or dropping tribes as required.

When the actual sons of Israel are added it comes to 12.

When Levi is excluded (eg war or census) this number is reduced to 11 if Joseph is counted, but it becomes 12 when Ephraim and Manasseh (Joseph's 2 sons) are included instead of the tribe of Joseph.

When Dan is excluded from the sealing (that is, protection) of the 144,000 in the Tribulation [ Revelation 7:5-8; the 144.000 are a missionary corps of redeemed jews who are instrumental in the salvation of many jews and gentiles during the Tribulation] ( this exclusion is because of Dan introducing idol worship into Israel [See 1Kings 12:30 ] ) this number is again reduced to 11, but it becomes 12 when Manasseh is included as well as Joseph .

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