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When the Israelite's conquered Canaan there were twelve tribes
There were 10 tribes, but they weren't lost. What happened was, during the Babylonian captivity of 586 BCE, the 12 tribes of Israel were expelled from the land and sent to Assyria. After 70 years, 9½ of those 12 Tribes had just assimiliated into Babylonian society, leaving only 2½ tribes returning to Israel.
The tribal arrangement in Israel was based on descent from the 12 sons of Jacob. These twelve family heads produced the "twelve tribes of Israel." Two Tribes made up the Northern Kingdom of Isarel, Judah and Benjamin. The other 10 Tribes made up the Southern Kingdom of Israel. 1 Kings 11:29-38
Abraham's grandson, Jacob, had 12 sons from whom are descended the 12 tribes of Israel.
The scattering of the ten tribes of Israel, often referred to as the Assyrian Exile, occurred around 722 BCE. This event took place when the Assyrian Empire conquered the northern kingdom of Israel and deported many of its inhabitants. As a result, the ten tribes—often called the "Lost Tribes of Israel"—were dispersed and largely assimilated into surrounding cultures.
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The ten tribes of Israel were scattered by the Assyrian Empire during the 8th century BCE. Following the conquest of the northern kingdom of Israel in 722 BCE, the Assyrians deported many Israelites and resettled them in various regions of their empire. This event led to the tribes becoming known as the "Lost Ten Tribes of Israel," as they were largely assimilated into other cultures and lost their distinct identity over time.
Jeroboam was the first king of the rebellious northern tribes, not the kingdom. Israel, as opposed to Judah, was the kingdom, and there were nine tribes that comprised the Kingdom of Israel. (Zebulun, Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, Dan, Manasseh, Ephraim, Reuben and Gad.)
According to traditional interpretations of the Bible, the 12 Tribes of Israel do not correspond 1:1 with modern countries or nations. The 12 Tribes of Israel and their descendants are typically considered Jews or they have been assimilated into larger nationalities (such as Mesopotamian).
Many scholars would put the timeframe as 722-718 BC. They never returned and became known as the 'lost 10 tribes' of Israel.
Abraham was from Ur of the Chaldees. He was a Chaldean, and in all likelihood worshiped many gods.