Roald Amundsen.
According to the history books, it was the North Pole in 1909, with the South Pole following 2 years later. But, seeing the considerable doubt that has been uncovered about Peary's claim to the North Pole, there may have to be a revision.
Roald Amundsen was the first to reach the south pole, beating Scott. He came from Norway.
All the locations you name are in the Northern Hemisphere -- closer to the North Pole than to the South Pole.
Norway.
Amundsen discovered the south pole.
No, The North Pole is a point in the Arctic Ocean, and the South Pole is a point on the continent of Antarctica.
No, but Norway has claimed part of Antarctica. Norway crosses the ARCTIC circle, i.e. it's close to the NORTH pole while the SOUTH pole lies in the middle of Antarctica - so not only is not not near Antarctica, it's about as far from it as you can get!
No animals have been discovered at the exact South Pole as it has only been visited a few times. There are a number of insects and a few varieties of penguins that have been discovered elsewhere on Antarctica (closer to the water's edge).
None of it. A six month day can only occur at the north or south pole. Neither of these is in Norway.
Rhoald Amundsen discovered the south pole!!
The north and south celestial poles are two imaginary points and therefore cannot be "discovered".
West of Norway, East of Kamchatka, South of the North Pole, North of Ecuador.