The first successful powered aircraft was the Wright Flyer built by the Wright brothers. I think the first flight was something like 12 seconds.
The first manned aircraft was a hot air balloon created by the Montgolfier brothers, its maiden flight occurred on October 15th 1783. If this balloon was named, the name has been lost to history. Presumably one could call it "The Montgolfier Balloon."
The first powered aircraft with a name seems to be the "Wright Flyer I" ... although they built and flew many gliders before that.
heinkel-he-178Pioneering first aircraft to fly under turbojet power, 27 August 1939.
Indias first Aircraft carrier was the INS Vikrant, formally known as HMS Hercules.
first successful powered, manned, heavier-than-air aircraft = Eole (1890, France, by Clement Ader)
The U.S.S. Enterprise, CVN-65, was the first nuclear powered aircraft carrier. A link is provided.
Yes, her first aircraft was a yellow Kinner Sportster which she named 'Canary', She created a woman's altitude record in this aircraft.
Van's Aircraft was created in 1973.
Jabiru Aircraft was created in 1988.
McDonnell Aircraft was created in 1939.
Shearwater Aircraft was created in 2009.
Hughes Aircraft was created in 1932.