Mosses.
Moses, who was called Moshe (משה) in Hebrew.
Jewish tradition and scripture hold that the law was delivered by Moses (משה) to the Children of Israel (×‘× ×™ ישראל).
God to Moses to the Hebrews at Mt. Sinai. Twice, as the first set were destroyed by Moses after he saw the people doing bad things at the base of Mt. Sinai.
Yes.
By the time the scriptures were being written, in the first millennium BCE, there was no doubt an oral tradition that Moses received the Ten Commandments from God and passed them to the people. Whether or not this oral tradition was based on fact is a matter of faith.
No. The Jewish dietary laws taken from Hebrew scripture are called Kashrut or Kashrus (כשרות). In English, they are also sometimes called "kosher laws" or "keeping kosher."Karma (in Hinduism and Buddhism) is the sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences.
Jewish scripture says that Moses received the Torah from God (Exodus 24:12) and transmitted it to the Israelites (Deuteronomy 31:24). The other prophetic books in the Tanakh (Jewish scripture) were, according to Jewish tradition (Talmud, Bava Batra 14b), written by the Divinely-inspired prophets whose names they bear: Joshua, Samuel, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, etc. Judges and Ruth are credited to Samuel, Kings and Lamentations were written by Jeremiah, Psalms was set in writing by King David; Chronicles was written by Ezra; Proverbs, Song of Songs and Kohellet (Ecclesiastes) were written by King Solomon; and Esther was written by Mordecai and Esther. Concerning Job, the Talmud states more than one opinion as to when it was written.
One key difference is that the Babylonian religion was polytheistic, with a pantheon of gods and goddesses, while Jewish religion is strictly monotheistic, focusing on the worship of one God. Additionally, Babylonian religion often involved rituals and sacrifices to appease the gods, while Jewish religion emphasized ethical behavior and adherence to religious laws as a means of connecting with God.
Talmud is the Jewish book of laws.
I don't know what retrictions are you talking about. Jewish laws or Laws imposed on the Jews by outsiders?
Yes, religiously observant Jewish kids follow the laws of kashrut.
The Pentatuech is the first 5 books of scripture that describes the origin of the Jewish religion and orgin of many of the traditions and Laws. It also outlines the main religious holidays(observances).