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What Rutherford believed that each atom has?
Rutherford performed a famous experiment where he fired alpha particles at very thin gold foil.The experiment was set up with detectors both in front and behind the gold foil. Alpha particles are relatively heavy but small particles, like a helium atom without electrons.Rutherford proved in this experiment that the atom consisted mainly of space (most of the alpha particles went through the gold foil) but with extremely dense nuclei (some of the alpha particles were deflected or even bounced back they way they had come).This was a leap forward in knowledge about the structure of the atom at the time. The atom wasn't a uniform structure with particles evenly distributed in it. Rutherford proved and believed that the atom had a heavy, dense nucleus with electrons relatively far away.
How did Rutherford make out that 1 in 20000 alpha particles retraced its path?
Actually, it was two students of Rutherford who made this discovery. Ernest Marsden, and Hans Geiger, both of whom went on to better things later in life. For their experiments, they had to sit in a darkened room till their eyes had adjusted to the darkness, and the they fired their particles at a gold foil, their target. The diffraction was recorded on the far side when the particles hit a ZnS screen, which fluoresced briefly. It was their idea to erect the detector screen towards the near side of the target, and observed the reflected particles. It was a few weeks before Rutherford actually saw their results, and was amazed by what he saw. As to the numbers, that merely came out of the mass of data.
What evidence shows that particles exist?
The British scientist James Chadwick made an experiment that had to do with a beam and being deflected by electric or magnectic fields. Since it wasn't deflected he was able to conclude that the particles carried no electric charge; therefore making them a neutron.
How has technology helped in production of transuranic elements?
Technology has played a significant role in the production of transuranic elements by enabling advanced methods of nuclear synthesis. High-energy particle accelerators have been crucial in bombarding heavy target nuclei with protons or other particles to induce nuclear reactions that create transuranic elements. Additionally, sophisticated detection and measurement techniques, such as mass spectrometry and gamma-ray spectroscopy, have allowed scientists to identify and characterize these elements. Overall, technology has provided the tools necessary for the controlled production and study of transuranic elements.
Why does the gun recoils and puch the person back when fired?
When a gun is fired a bullet (or cartridge) with a small mass but a very high velocity is ejected. The recoil of the gun is a reaction to this force and is sufficient to push back the person who fired the weapon.
Where did most of the alpha particles fired at the foil go in the gold foil experiment?
Most of them went right through.
In Rutherford's gold foil experiment what particles were fired at a thin piece of gold?
I believe they are called the Alpha particles and yes, they did pass through a sheet of gold foil.
What did Rutherford say about the small number of particles that bounced straight back?
Rutherford fired alpha particles at a sheet of atoms in order to determine the atomic structure. The alpha particle is positively charged. Those particles that bounce straight back are the ones that hit the nucleus of the atom and were repelled by the nucleus's positive charge.
What Rutherford believed that each atom has?
Rutherford performed a famous experiment where he fired alpha particles at very thin gold foil.The experiment was set up with detectors both in front and behind the gold foil. Alpha particles are relatively heavy but small particles, like a helium atom without electrons.Rutherford proved in this experiment that the atom consisted mainly of space (most of the alpha particles went through the gold foil) but with extremely dense nuclei (some of the alpha particles were deflected or even bounced back they way they had come).This was a leap forward in knowledge about the structure of the atom at the time. The atom wasn't a uniform structure with particles evenly distributed in it. Rutherford proved and believed that the atom had a heavy, dense nucleus with electrons relatively far away.
When Rutherford found that some of the alpha particles fired at the gold foil were widely deflected he concluded that?
He concluded that most of the mass of the mass of the atom is concentrated at a single place at the centre of atom. He named this place as the nucleus.
What is Rutherford's experiment with gold foil and alpha particles?
The initial discovery of "Rutherford Scattering" was made by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden in 1909 when they performed the gold foil experiment under the direction of Rutherford, in which they fired a beam of alpha particles (helium nuclei) at layers of gold leaf only a few atoms thick. The intriguing results showed that around 1 in 8000 alpha particles were deflected by very large angles (over 90°), while the rest passed straight through with little or no deflection. From this, Rutherford concluded that the majority of the mass was concentrated in a minute, positively charged region (the nucleus) surrounded by electrons. When a (positive) alpha particle approached sufficiently close to the nucleus, it was repelled strongly enough to rebound at high angles. The small size of the nucleus explained the small number of alpha particles that were repelled in this way.
What is the explanation for the scattering experiment of Rutherford?
Rutherford conducted an experiment in which Alpha particles were fired at a gold nucleus. Most of the particles passed through unaffected. However, some were deflected by a small amount whilst an even smaller number of the particles were deflected completely. This led to the conclusion that the atom has an extremely small, central, positively charged nucleus. As both the positive alpha particle and the positive nucleus repel each other by electrostatic forces. The fact that only a small amount of particles are deflected shows that the nucleus is only a tiny central part of the atom.
Who is known as the father of nuclear science?
i Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) was responsible for a remarkable series of discoveries in the fields of radioactivity and nuclear physics, he discovered alpha and beta rays, set forth the laws of radioactive decay, and identified alpha particles as helium nuclei, he also postulated the nuclear structure of the atom. Experiments done in Rutherford's laboratory showed that when alpha particles are fired into gas atoms, a few are violently deflected, implying a dense, positively charged central region containing most of the atomic mass.
If the Thomson model of the atom had been correct Rutherford would have observed?
Before we state the results of the Rutherford gold foil experiment based on the correctness of the Thomson plum pudding model, let's back up and review just a bit. Atoms were thought to be made up of electrons distributed in a positive "matrix" of sorts. With the electrons "evenly distributed" throughout the volume of the atom, a parallel or comparison was made to plum pudding. The plums, which were "scattered" throughout the pudding, were thought of as the electrons in the atom. This is the basis for the plum pudding model of the atom. The gold foil experiment that Rutherford proposed was set up, and alpha particles were "fired" at gold foil from an alpha source (alpha emitter). As the alpha particles were known to be massive compared to an electron, an experiment on atoms conforming to the plum pudding model of the atom would show that the alpha particles zip right through. There would be nothing anywhere near as massive as an alpha particle in the plum pudding atom to stop or scatter them. All the alpha particles would strike the target screen behind the foil in a direct line from the source. When the experiment was actually conducted, most of the alpha particles struck as expected. But a few were scattered in different directions, and this was "impossible" if the atom was constructed as suggested by the plum pudding model. What internal structure in the plum pudding atom could possibly deflect (scatter) a few (or any!) alpha particles? The plum pudding model was set aside, and Rutherford's suggestion was that most of the mass of the atom was concentrated as a positive charge in the center in what we call a nucleus.
Why in 1911 Rutherford and his co workers were surprised when they shot a narrow beam of alpha particles through a thin sheet of gold foil?
his theory was that the alpha particles would pass straight through the gold atoms with slight deflection due to the positive charge thought to be spread out in the gold atoms. When they tested the theory, they were suprised that a great majority of the alpha particles passed staight through the gold atoms withought deflection. even more suprizing a small fraction of the alpha particles bounced off the gold foil at very large angles. some even bounced strait back toward the sourse. Rutherford later recollected"this is almost as increadible as if you fired a 15 inch shell at a peice of tissue paper and it came right back and hit you"
After 1911 most scientists accepted the theory that the nucleus of an atom was very dense and very small and has a positive charge. What led scientists to accept this theory?
The breakthrough was the alpha particle scattering experiments of Marsden, Geiger and Rutherford. Basically they fired a beam of alpha particles (which are small, positively charged particles emitted by some radioactive sources), at a thin metal foil. Unexpectedly, instead of the slight scattering of the beam they expected, they found a very few particles were scattered back towards the source. They could only explain this if the metal atoms had a tiny central nucleus with a positive charge to repel the alpha particles. If you search you should be able to find Rutherford's own account of those experiments.
What do atoms orbit the nucleus in?
A nucleus is part of an atom, so an atom cannot orbit a nucleus in the first place. If your question is what do the ELECTRONS orbit the nucleus in, it's empty space. As proven by Rutherford's experiment with firing 8000 Alpha particles at a gold sheet (I would give you the Wikipedia page but it is written with very scientific terminology), a atom is mostly empty space, as proven by the 7999 alpha particles he fired that went through, but has a TINY nucleus in the middle, as proven by the 1 that bounced back.
