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The Romans "invented" the calendar as we know it. Without researching it, the first calendar with leap days, with the 12 months as we know the calendar, was the Julian calendar named after Julius Caesar. It had an error of about 3 days in 400 years. This calendar was replaced by the much more accurate Gregorian calendar by decree of Pope Gregory in the late 1600's in the Catholic countries and accepted by most Protestant and other countries in the 1700's. There was an adjustment of 12 or 13 days in the calendar at that time. The Gregorian calendar is the calendar we use today. Prior to the Julian calendar, days were added as needed in all calendars including the one which began in March and had only 10 months ! This is why the 12th month, December, comes from the Latin word for ten. The Mayan and Chinese calendars, among others, were known for their accuracy and would have had to add days also.

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