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Steam power
Crusades, and state power.
The strongest civilizing force in Europe during the early Middle Ages was the Church.
The church had the most power in the middle ages because it was the one thing that united people.
During the early middle ages, 500 - 1000AD, Europe was a frontier land as it was sparsely populated and undeveloped. ;P
Christian Church
William Shakespeare lived during the Renaissance, after the Middle Ages were over.
romans
clergy
Yes, the Church was very powerful during the Middle Ages.
Manorialism.
During the early middle ages.