The Internal Revenue Service a.k.a. the government of the US
Puerto Ricans are US citizens. US citizens who live in Puerto Rico are not subject to the US Federal income tax on income they make from sources in Puerto Rico. Any Puerto Rican who moves to another part of the US is subject to Federal income tax just as all other US citizens are.
Yes. It's called Income Tax. States can require an income tax, and there is tax payable to the Federal Government.
The more taxable income they have, the more they pay
Because it is the 'Law of the Land'.
Everybody who is on welfare.
The Internal Revenue Service a.k.a. the government of the US
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Is not a true statement. Many people have income and pay noi tax, many types of income are not taxable, etc.
No, the ninth amendment of the US Constitution does not outlaw income tax. This amendment provides for the rights of the citizens of the United States that were intended by the founding fathers but not clearly stipulated in the Bill of Rights.
Income Tax is an Indirect Excise Tax. Congress has imposed the tax on 3 classes of persons which are NON-Resident Aliens, Foreign Corporations deriving US Domestic source income and US Citizens residing abroad with foreign earned income. The term "US Person" denotes an US entity that has control, receipt, custody, disposal, or payment of any item of income of a foreign person that is subject to withholding. From IRS.GOV "You are a withholding agent if you are a U.S. or foreign person that has control, receipt, custody, disposal, or payment of any item of income of a foreign person that is subject to withholding."
You best ask this question to tax experts that know both country's laws. She will have to pay taxes to the US government while still a citizen of the US. You should also look into the same question if she is a dual citizen.
Offshore saving accounts of US citizen are affected. The balance and income of those accounts are reported to IRS for tax purpose