Elmer Ambrose Sperry, an engineer and inventor, who founded the Sperry Gyroscope Company in 1910.
Sperry
It is powered by electricity, so a cut off of this energy will stop your compass. That is why vessels nowadays vessels are equipped with UPS(uninterruptable power supply) which gives you extra power for use in hours to use the compass.
they were invented in vienna.
Invented?
Elmer Ambrose Sperry, an engineer and inventor, who founded the Sperry Gyroscope Company in 1910.
Sperry
Sperry
Gyrocompass is a mechanical device that determines direction. It is used in navigating all major commercial and naval ships, and some aircraft and land vehicles. A gyrocompass is more accurate than a magnetic compass, which relies on the earth's magnetic field to indicate magnetic north. A gyrocompass points to true north, or geographic north. It is not affected by magnetic forces or by the rolling and pitching of the vehicle. (http://reference.howstuffworks.com/gyrocompass-encyclopedia.html) Here is a picture: http://www.navis.gr/navaids/images/gyro2.jpg
Gyrocompass.
azimuth precesion caused by ballistic deflection. tilt precesion caused by ballistic tilt.
From what I know, there are three types of compasses. There is the original chines compass which is also known as the magnetic compass. there is also another compass called the gyrocompass. there's another one known as the astrocompass, and one also known as the box compass. ++++ It's a bit simpler than that. Magnetic compass, gyrocompass (which uses the inertia of a spinning flywheel) and electronic versions based on satellite navigation systems. The heading photo shows two magnetic compasses typical of those used by walkers & climbers.
It is powered by electricity, so a cut off of this energy will stop your compass. That is why vessels nowadays vessels are equipped with UPS(uninterruptable power supply) which gives you extra power for use in hours to use the compass.
The compass was first used by Chinese and Mediterranean sailors in about the 1000's or so. The exact date when the compass was first invented is not known precisely. These first compasses were usually pieces of magnetic iron floated upon pieces of cork or straw in a bowl of water. With heavy iron and steel ships became precedent during the 1800's the use of lead compasses became pretty much obsolete, for this reason the gyrocompass was invented.
You need to determine the geographic north, for example by observing sunrise and sunset; by observing the stars; or by using a compass that reacts to Earth's rotation (a gyrocompass). Then you observe where the needle of a magnetic compass points. Finally, you measure the angular difference between the two.
Because a ship is made of metal, which can affect the accuracy of a standard magnetic compass. Also, a gyrocompass is is better able to point to the true north, which is more accurate to navigation than magnetic North, which is not actually true North. Link below:
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