There is no Hierarchy The Rabbi is the head of each synagogue then there is a cantor and the people.
Any Jewish adult male.
This emphasis is as old as Judaism itself. The Torah teaches that every person is an entire world, and no efforts are spared in the preservation of life. The Hebrew belief that led to a new emphasis on the worth of the individual is Judaism.
Abraham's covenant with God led his followers to practice monotheism
There was a covenant but it is not exclusive to Judaism. The covenant also applies to Islam. Judaism refers to the descendants of Judah, who was a great-grandson of Abraham. The covenant was broader than just applying to Judah. Ismail was also a son of Abraham and was the ancestor of the Muslim people.
The answer you are looking for is "Judaism", but that is not entirely accurate. Judaism is informed by the laws of the Torah which had not yet been revealed when Moses led the Exodus. As a result, the people who departed were Hebrews who would eventually become Jews.
AnswerThe decision to accept gentiles as Christians without requiring them to be circumcided was one that helped attract gentile converts, but eventually led to the separation from mainstream Judaism.
Zoroastrianism. Which further led to the idea of apocalyptic eschatology and dispensational dualism being integrated into Judaism and ultimately Christianity.
Opposite of the lack of Judaism? Judaism.
There are no rooms in Judaism. Judaism is a religion, not a building.
Judaism is called Judaism.
No. Judaism claims that Judaism had not yet come into the world during Adam's time, but that after his expulsion from the Garden of Eden led a righteous life. The term "Jew" is usually reserved for those people who are descended of the Tribe of Judah and the remaining Levites who lived among the Judeans.
Judaism is typically a reactive religion more than a proactive one (i.e. it leaves everyone else alone and doesn't bother anyone), but the creation of the Israeli state has led to ongoing conflict that has gone virtually unstopped since its establishment.