Raymond Buckland
The Gardnerian tradition was founded by Gerald B. Gardner.
Gardnerian: Gardnerian Book of ShadowsAlexandrian: Alexandrian Book of ShadowsStregha:Aradia, The gospel of WitchesSolitary (eclectic) Path:
There are many different "Traditions" of Wicca, including but not limited to, Gardnerian, Alexandrian, Dianic, Norse, Celtic/Druid, and Faerie.
That would be Gardnerian, as it was Dr. Gerald B. Gardner who invented Wicca.
Many Wiccans regard their modern faith as the restoration of a nature-based spiritual tradition that reaches back through the earliest ages of pre-history. In the historical sense, the modern practice of Wicca began with Gerald Gardner in Britain in the 1930s, or, according to some claims, in the 1920s. Many different groups, schools and forms of Wicca branched off from that original group very quickly. Gardnerian Wicca and the related Alexandrian Wicca, continue to thrive today. Some feminist and other forms of Wicca now have very little in common with the Gardnerian tradition.
Like every other religion or faith tradition, witchcraft has many varieties. Dianic Wicca is a Goddess-centered tradition, and consciously feminist. Alexandrian Wicca and Gardnerian Wicca honor both Gods and Goddesses, and include male witches. Many solitary Wiccans are also feminist. But it would be wrong to assume that all Feminists are Wiccan or that all Wiccans are Feminist.
There are hundreds of different branches of Wicca, each with its own beliefs,ideals etc. They are often referred to as Neo-Pagan since they are generally a reconstruction and/or modification of ancient beliefs. Celtic,Dianic,Faery,Electic,Green,Solitary,Frosts,Gardnerian,Seax are just a very few of the Branches. Re: Also, remember that Wicca is a branch with the group of Pagan religons. Not to be confused with being a Witch or witchcraft. (sometimes known as the Craft to its practicers)
Pagan is a general term while Wicca applies specifically to those belief structures that are descended or adapted from Gardnerian Wicca, which was founded by Gerald Gardner in the mid 1900s. Gardnerian Wicca is the first formal, Wiccan tradition that was known about publicly through media interviews and the publication of books by the members, with Gardner being the first to publish. There are other and newer traditions of Wicca that claim different, or even no, lineage at all. Think of it this way, Paganism is a tree of which Wicca is a branch; in much the same way that Christianity is a tree of which Lutheran is a branch. But it is not always just to label a Wiccan as a Pagan... Though it is controversial in both the Pagan and mainstream religious communities, some people believe that Christian, Jewish, Muslim beliefs can be melded with Wicca to create Christian Wicca, Jewish Wicca, less often Muslim Wicca, so it is even unfair to say that all Wiccans are pagans, some believe themselves to be very much Christian, etc and would be upset to be identified as Pagan. While this is controversial, it's not a new controversy, through the Middle Ages, many learned men (John Dee for one) pursued magic and alchemy and worked with calling angels and demons though they considered themselves to be very much Christian. The tradition of mysticism in even mainstream religions is a very old one that continues today. ----- I have often explained it this way to my students and others who ask: Wicca is to Paganism as Catholicism is to Christianity... A sub-section of a larger belief system. Not necessarily the largest, or the one with the most followers, but the most recognisable to the outside world. And in my experience the ones with the most rules.
The general consensus on when Wicca first arrived can be highly debated, but most attribute it's arrival to the states by Gerald Gardner between the 1940-1950's.
Alexandrian, founded by Alex Sanders and his wife Maxine, is an offshoot of Garnerian Wicca, founded by Gerald Gardner so the similarities are more prominent than the differences. It is difficult to write general statements about both traditions as each has covens that may practice slightly differently than other covens in their own respective traditions. Generally speaking: Both are initiatory, have 3 degrees, are considered British Traditional Wicca (BTW) and are more formal and ceremonial in nature than say, Reclaiming Wicca. Neither accept or recognize self-initiations (usually). A few differences: Alexandrians attribute the athame to air and wand to fire (Gardnerians athame = fire, wand = air), Gardnerians make more regular use of ritual nudity than Alexandrians.
Wicca has its own scriptures.
Wicca isn't based anywhere.