In the US, it's the Register of Copyrights. Most countries have a copyright office associated with the national library.
The World Intellectual Property Organization, an agency of the United Nations, is the major proponent of international copyright issues.
A derivative work pertaining to copyright law, is an expressive creation that includes major, copyright-protected elements of an original, previously created first work.
Industrial design is intended to improve the functionality, usability, or even marketability of a product; copyright in comparison would protect "art for art's sake."
To reward creative and innovative individuals
It varies from country to country. The most recent major change in US law was 1998.
The current act (15 November 1988) was designed to restate and amend the 1949 Registered Designs Act and the 1939 Patents, Designs, Copyright and Trade Marks (Emergency) Act. It was amended in 1990 and 1991. There were major copyright acts in 1956 and 1911, and of course the first copyright act was in 1709.
Very little. Until the major revision of 1909 copyright did not apply to the, then novelty, movie industry. In fact the earliest copyright of a movie that I can find is 1894 when Thomas Edison filed for copyright of the "Edison Kinetoscopic Recording of a Sneeze" as a photograph.
In the US the Copyright act is titled "Copyright Law of the United States" and is contained in Title 17 of the United States Code. The most recent major revision is the Copyright Act of 1976 however there have been significant amendments since that date. Of these, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) of 1998, The Copyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 2004, and the Intellectual Property Protection and Courts Amendments Act of 2004 are the most noteworthy.
"Copyright in fragment" is a common misspelling of "copyright infringement," which is the violation of copyright.
The two biggest issues in modern copyright are the increasing challenge of protecting your work from infringement, and the challenge of creating laws that are flexible enough to react to technological advances without being so vague as to be useless.
In the US the Copyright act is titled "Copyright Law of the United States" and is contained in Title 17 of the United States Code. The most recent major revision is the Copyright Act of 1976 however there have been significant amendments since that date. Of these, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) of 1998, The Copyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 2004, and the Intellectual Property Protection and Courts Amendments Act of 2004 are the most noteworthy.
75-90 years It varies from country to country, and ranges from 50 to 120 years. In many countries the copyright duration is determined by 50 or 70 years after the death of the director or other major contributor to its creation, which could be well over 120 years of copyright for early works of an octogenarian.