The most important Founder in my opinion is Samuel Adams. I say this because he is the father of American independance. Without him the Revolution probably never would have taken place. I think he was just as important to the Revolution as Washington, if not more. They should be erecting statues of him and putting his face on the bills and coins. In my opinion, not only is he the greatest founder, but he is also the most underrated.
I don't know what is the most important influence. But, the most important founder was Samuel Adams.
There is no "founder" of math. However, there were many people who made important contributions.
He was one of the important impressionists, but he was not the founder. Claude Monet was.
There is no single founder of Hinduism. We have tried and tried to find the founder but there is no evidence of founders. It would be easy to try and find The God.
Planck was considered to be the founder of the quantum theory, and thus one of the most important physicists of the twentieth century as Tesla who was the most important person in his field. They also were contemporary.
Mohammed was the founder.
European EnlightenmentMost political scientists and historians credit John Locke as the greatest individual influence on the formation of the US. Others included French thinkers like Rousseau.
Jesus
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Henry David Thoreau
Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympic Games
John Snow is the co-founder of the Coaching Training Institute. He did quite a good job in helping found the institute. The other founder was quite important.