Athens led the force of 9,000 Athenians and 1,000 Plataians.
The Battle of Marathon occurred during the Persian attempt to suppress Athens for interferince in supporting the uprising of the Greek cities within the Persian empire a decade earler (Ionian Revolt).The failure by Persia at Marathon led to their trying to absorb all the mainland Greek cities as a final solution to the problem, which brought on the main part of the wars which lasted from 499 to 449 BCE.
A small force from Greek city-states led by Spartan King Leonidas fought the Persians .
The Persian army versus contingents from southern Greek cities.
Their ten generals, one from each tribe.
On the Persian side, Datis and Artaphernes. On the Athenian side Miltiades.
A major Greek victory against the Persians was the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC. The outnumbered Athenian forces, led by General Miltiades, achieved a surprising victory over the Persian army, effectively halting their advance into mainland Greece. This battle is significant not only for its military outcome but also for boosting Greek confidence and unity in the face of Persian aggression. The victory at Marathon set the stage for future Greek successes in the Persian Wars.
At the Pass of Thermopylai a Greek force led by a Spartan king delayed the Persian army for three days.
The exact number of Greek troops in the Battle of Marathon is disputed among historians, but the most commonly accepted estimation is around 10,000 soldiers. This included citizen-soldiers or hoplites from Athens and its allies. The Greek forces, led by the Athenian general Miltiades, successfully defeated the larger invading Persian army in 490 BC.
Athenian soldiers,sent to assist the Greek cities in the Ionian Revolt against Persia, over-reached themselves by burning the temples and gods in the Persian provincial capital of Sardis.
Athens' right wing was led by Callimachus. Athens' left wing was covered by the Plataeans. Athens' center was led by Themistocles and Aristides.The Greek idea was to attack first and to cross the distance from the slopes to the Persians as fast as possible in order to beat the Persian cavalry and archers to it . ~ see related link below .
It was prepared for war to defend itself and contribute to and lead the Greek effort by sea and land to oppose the Persian invasion. Thermopylae was a holding operation to force a sea battle in the hope of destroying the Persian navy which threatened the Greek cities. The failure of this plan led to a subsequent sea battle at Salamis which succeeded. Sparta then led the coup de grace in the land battle at Plataia.
King Leonidas