Who made the Noble Peace Prize?

Answer 1

Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist. He also invented dynamite. They come in a variety of different flavours (Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature and Peace) and were first awarded in 1901. They are awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, The Nobel Assembly and the Swedish Academy (depending on the flavour).

Alfred Nobel made his money in armaments (weapons and so forth) and didn't want to be remembered that way, so set up the schee in his will, which came as a surprise to many when he died. Top bloke, by all accounts, even though he did invent stuff that killed people.