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John Calvin (1509-1564) created a form of systematic theology that emphasised predestination.

Calvin's theology was very important in the Reformation period, with it strongly influencing Reformation theology in most countries outside of Germany (where Luther's theology was more important).

The Dutchman, Jacob Arminius (1560-1609), reacted against the determinism inherent in Calvin's doctrine of predestination, and proposed a doctrine that asserted the unimpaired freewill of all people.

The 39 Articles of the Church of England, although strongly influenced by Calvin's doctrines, holds back from the unqualified adoption of the doctrine of predestination, and points the clergy to consider the words of Scripture on this subject.

In England, the Christian reformer, John Wesley, was closer in his ideas to Arminius than to Calvin, and so is the Methodist Church, which was formed out those who were converted by his preaching or followed his ideas.

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