G.W. Hegel
Antihistoricism is the rejection or critique of historical determinism or the belief that history follows a specific, predictable path. It questions the idea that history is linear and progressive, and instead emphasizes the importance of agency and contingency in shaping historical events. In essence, it challenges the notion that historical events are predetermined.
The idea that memberships in a culture influence one's actions and values is called cultural determinism. It suggests that individuals' behaviors and beliefs are largely shaped by the culture they belong to, impacting how they interact with the world around them.
Quantum mechanics challenges the idea of determinism by introducing uncertainty at the smallest scales of matter. While it doesn't necessarily disprove determinism, it suggests that the universe may not operate in a completely predictable way.
determinism
determinism
they can have their own war with no help from the other countries
Anti-determinism is the belief that some events are not determined by prior causes or natural laws, but rather arise spontaneously or due to chance. It suggests that there is inherent randomness or unpredictability in the universe. Anti-determinism challenges the idea of strict causal relationships governing all events.
Arguments against determinism include the belief that it undermines free will and personal responsibility, as well as the idea that it overlooks the role of randomness and unpredictability in the universe. Some also argue that determinism fails to account for the complexity of human behavior and the potential for genuine creativity and innovation.
Combine both determinism and freedom
Determinism refers to the idea that events are determined by pre-existing causes, while reliability refers to the consistency and trustworthiness of a system or method. While determinism focuses on causality, reliability focuses on the ability to produce consistent results. They are related in that a deterministic system is often seen as reliable because its outcomes are predictable.
Stop-and-go determinism is a concept in philosophy that suggests that the universe operates according to a predetermined plan but can be interrupted or altered at certain points. This idea allows for the possibility of free will or random events in an otherwise deterministic framework.
The idea of divine determinism comes from the postulation that the divine is omniscient (all-knowing). If the divine is omniscient, then the divine must know everything. If the divine knows everything, then the divine knows everything that has happened, is now happening, and will happen. If the divine know everything that will happen, then all events must happen the way that the divine foreknows them. If so, we arrive at the idea of divine determinism, which is the idea that the divine determines every future event. The problem is that this allows no room for human free will. Why? If everything is foreknown, then there is no contingency. If there is no contingency, then free will is an illusion.