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The Hypothesis being tested
When the variable that is being tested has an unknown distribution.
Generally base is added to HCl, So base should be tested.
None that should consern the average person
Cuallla
The factor being tested is the dependent variable.
One. If there is only one variable being tested, when you compare it to the control, you know that was the cause of a change.
The factor being tested is the dependent variable.
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Taking a vaccination - you are enabling your body to produce antibodies. Taking antibodies - you get antibodies, but they eventually disappear from your blood stream, and without them being replenished by your own cells, you lose the protection.
Cows are being tested because Scientists need it to test it for MILK
Well that depends on what they are being tested on and what animals are you speaking of.