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The first to build them were the French in the 9th and 10th centuries. The Vikings who were allowed to settle in northern France (who were then called Normans) adopted many features of French culture, including castle-building, mounted armoured knights, the Old French language and more. The Normans soon became better than their French hosts at all aspects of military technology.

It was the Normans who built the first motte and bailey castles in England in the 1050s, at the invitation of Edward the Confessor who wanted to create a Norman "buffer zone" along the border with Wales. The Normans only managed to anger the English population and the Norman military advisers were soon forcibly ejected from England, only to return in 1066 under William - when many more castles were built in the motte and bailey style.

Today we say that the Normans built the first castles in England, but this is not true - the work was done under Norman supervision, but the labour was provided by local English peasant populations under conditions of near-slavery, using nothing more than mattocks, spades and baskets.

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13y ago

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