The Native Americans suffered the most.
The Native Americans suffered the most during the Era of European Exploration. The Native Americans could not withstand the European wars nor their way of life.
The Spanish.
Spain
Forgein diseases, mainly chicken pox
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The USSR, suffered numerous millions of deaths, mainly on the eastern front.
Hernán Cortés was the most successful explorer in finding the wealth the Spanish hoped for during the Era of European Exploration. He conquered the Aztec Empire in present-day Mexico and brought back vast amounts of gold and silver to Spain.
The families of those killed in the war suffered the most.
Most explorers during the Age of Exploration, which spanned the 15th to the 17th centuries, were primarily from European countries, particularly Spain and Portugal. These nations led the way in maritime exploration, driven by the desire for new trade routes and territorial expansion. Other countries, such as England, France, and the Netherlands, also contributed significantly to exploration efforts during this period.
The culture of the Islamic world had a significant influence on European exploration, particularly in the fields of mathematics, astronomy, navigation, and geography. The knowledge and technologies acquired from the Islamic world helped European explorers in their voyages of discovery.
The end of European exploration is generally considered to have occurred in the late 19th to early 20th centuries, as most of the world's landmasses had been mapped and claimed by European powers. By this time, the focus shifted from exploration to colonization, exploitation, and the consolidation of empires. Notable events, such as the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885, formalized the division of Africa among European powers, further marking the decline of the era of exploration.