The Carthaginians.
The Romans were forced to fight only a few times. One example was when Italy was invaded by Hannibal, the Carthaginians general, in the Second Punic War.
Carthage.
Hannibal fought the Romans throughout the Second Punic War (218 BC-202 BC). He fought in Italy from 218 BC to 203 BC. In 202 BC he was recalled to Africa (Tunisia) to fight against the Roman campaign there.
Mainly Sicily and at sea.
Corinth was destroyed 146 BCE.
Carthage, also in the second and third Punic Wars. Punic was a word for Phoenician, and the Carthagininans were Phoenicians.
To put an end to Carthage as a competitor in the Western Mediterranean.
The Carthaginian general Hannibal surprised the Romans in the Second Punic War by crossing the Alps with his army and attacking them from an unexpected direction. This allowed Hannibal to bypass their defenses and strike deep into Roman territory. This strategy caught the Romans off guard and forced them to fight on unfamiliar terrain.
Control of the Western Mediterranean; control of the Western Mediterranean.
A struggle for domination of the Western Mediterranean between Rome and Carthage.
As the Romans expanded their empire to the east, they intruded into Greece. It started with retribution against Macedonia for its support of Carthage during the Second Punic War, the in taking sided in inter-Greek wars, and finally simply to incorporate the Greek world within its empire.
The Romans , throughout the Punic Wars (264 to 146 BC) , fought against Carthage (Notably Hannibal.) for hegemony in the Mediterranean . The Romans persevered over their Carthaginians opponents and , at the end , razed the city of Carthage and it's citizens were sold into slavery .