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The Soviet space program was primarily headed by Sergei Korolev, who is often referred to as the chief designer of the Soviet space efforts. Korolev played a crucial role in launching the first artificial satellite, Sputnik, in 1957, and in sending the first human, Yuri Gagarin, into space in 1961. His leadership and innovative work laid the foundation for many significant achievements in the early years of space exploration. Korolev's influence and vision were instrumental in establishing the Soviet Union as a leader in space technology during the Cold War.

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