Ivan IV
Ivan IV
Russia, whether as Kievan Rus or Muscovy, has always been a power in Eastern Europe. Soon after the fall of Byzantium, the Princes of Muscovy claimed to be the true successors to the eastern part of the Roman Empire and adopted the Byzantine double-headed eagle as their dynastic 'beast'. (That's why the Romanovs also used it). Muscovy claimed to be the protector of Orthodox Christianity and also claimed the right to intervene at will in the Balkans. Until about 1780 most of this was just talk. From about 1650 onwards Muscovy/Russia began to push westwards into Poland. War with Sweden in 1700-21 brought further westward expansion. Tsar Peter the Great (reigned as sole Tsar 1696-1725) and later, also Catherine the Great (reigned 1762-96), made huge efforts to 'westernize' Russia in the 1700s. Russia became involved in many of the major European wars from the Seven Years' War (1756-63) onwards. So Russia was a major European power long before the approach to WW1.
Under Czarist rule, the capital of Russia was originally Moscow as the Grand Duchy of Muscovy was the dominant force in Russia at the time of the Ivan III, the first ruler to refer to himself as Czar. Then Czar Peter the Great moved the capital to St. Petersburg. Vladimir Lenin later moved it back to Moscow.
The question as posed is not necessarily correct. Muscovy was never part of the Khanate of the Golden Horde, but rather a vassal state of that empire. However, in the later 1300s (starting in 1359), the Khanate experienced political disorder, punctuated by an invasion by Tamerlane in 1396. This resulted in the Khanate of the Golden Horde fracturing into numerous separate Tatar Khanates than operated confederally as "the Great Horde". However, this weakening of the empire allowed Muscovy to break free of its vassalage in 1480 in the "Great Stand on the Ugra RIver", which was a face-off between the Great Horde and Muscovy that ended in Muscovy's favor.
Armed Neutrality, which Cathrine the Great later sneeringly called the "Armed Nullity".
Prince Georgy Lvov became the immediate leader of Russia as head of the Provisional Government after the Czar was overthrown. Three months later Alexander Kerensky took over. About three months after that the Bolsheviks overthrew Kerensky and the Provisional Government and Vladimir Lenin became the leader of Russia.
Montague was to meet with Prince Escalus at the Capulet's tomb, where they discover the tragic deaths of Romeo and Juliet.
Prince Georgy Lvov was the first leader of Russia after the fall of the Czar. He headed the Provisional Government for the first 3 months of its existence immediately after Czar Nicholas II abdicated. Later, Alexander Kerensky took over the Provisional Government for the next 3 months. Then Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks overthrew the Provisional Government and Lenin became the leader. In any event the very first leader of Russia "after the fall of Czarist Russia" was Prince Georgy Lvov and the Provisional Government.
First Poland in 966, then Kingdom (?) of Novigrod which later became Russia.
We do not know when Mary died or if she died. She was assumed, body and soul, into Heaven and did not undergo corruption. We do not know if she was assumed directly or died and was assumed a short time later. Both views are acceptable to the Catholic Church.
He was a German or perhaps more correctly a Bavarian.
Edward Tudor was the Prince of Wales, but later in the book he became king of England.