Beauregard.
Fort Sumter, in Charleston harbour. These were the first shots of the Civil War - the order given by Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard.
General P.G.T Beauregard
Confederate General John Bell Hood had replaced General Johnston in order to prevent the fall of Atlanta. He was not successful and General Sherman had the city basically under siege. To save what was left of his army, General Hood had to evacuate Atlanta and Sherman marched in unopposed.
Confederate artillery in Charleston, commanded by General P.G.T. Beauregard. He was given the order by the newly-elected Confederate President Jefferson Davis.
P.G.T. Beauregard
At the time there were several generals who led various parts of the confederate army during the civil war. In the case of battles where multiple generals were on the field, each general would still be in charge of their component part of the army but would take orders from someone who was appointed as the head general. A couple of generals who would be considered to be head generals would be Jackson and Lee. General Lee was the confederate general in charge at the Battle of Gettysburg even though there were another half dozen generals also there. After battles such as this, the Americans started to bring in a system where generals could outrank other generals in the field. This eventually became the basis for the 5 star rankings of generals where only one 5 star general would be posted in the field of battle in order to stop confusion between like starred generals.
General Grant ordered a siege of Vicksburg during the American Civil War in order to cut off the Confederate supply lines and isolate the city, which was a key strategic location along the Mississippi River. Grant believed that by surrounding and starving out the Confederate forces in Vicksburg, he could eventually force their surrender and gain control of the river, splitting the Confederacy in two.
Gen P.G.T. Beauregard
On April 9, 1865 the Confederate army fought against the Union army at the battle of Appomattox Court House and eventually surrendured to the Union. Confederate General Robert E. Lee negotiated terms of surrender with Union General Ulysses S. Grant at the "McLean House". Eventually Confederate armies surrendered across the United States until the surrender of the CSS Shenandoah on November 6, 1865, the last of the Confederate forces. On August 20, 1866, President Andrew Johnson signed a "Proclamation-Declaring that Peace, Order, Tranquillity, and Civil Authority Now Exists in and Throughout the Whole of the United States of America" officialy declaring an end to the Civil War.
The Corps of Confederate General John Bell Hood was in the Confederate Order of Battle at Chickamauga. He, however had his arm in a sling from a wound suffered at the Battle of Gettysburg. During the Chickamauga, he received a wound to his leg which later had to be removed.
Major General Irwin McDowell knew he would be facing Confederate artillery in the First Battle of Bull Run. He knew the power of artillery especially when used on the defense. His Order No. 17 informed his commanders to not make a frontal assault on Confederate artillery batteries. He was certain that if necessary, they could be successfully taken out of the battle by a flanking maneuver.
In order to provide a safe landing of Union General Buell's troops on Pittsburg Landing, two Union gunboats the USS Tyler and Lexington shelled Confederate forces. From the outset of the upcoming Battle of Shiloh, Confederate General Albert S. Johnston understood that a victory could be attained if US Grant's Army of the Tennessee could be defeated before Buell's reinforcements arrived.