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When the Space Race began in 1957, the Soviets performed many firsts. They were the first to send a satellite in orbit, the first to send an animal in space, the first to send a man in space, the first to send a woman into space, and the first person to walk in space was also a cosmonaut. The person most responsible for it was Soviet premier, Leonid Brezhnev, who ordered the head of the Soviet space program, Sergei Korolev to send a man outside an orbiting space capsule. The Voskhod 2 they were to fly in could not be opened to outer space because the air-cooled electronics would overheat. Instead, Korolev designed a disposable airlock that would enable a man to exit the vehicle and walk in space. The man chosen to perform the first EVA was Alexi Leonov, who was outside the spacecraft for 12 minutes and nine seconds on March 18, 1965, connected to the craft by a 5.35-meter tether. At the end of the spacewalk, Leonov's spacesuit had inflated in the vacuum of space to the point where he could not re-enter the airlock. He opened a valve to allow some of the suit's pressure to bleed off, and was barely able to get back inside the capsule.

NASA had originally planned to begin sending astronauts outside the space vehicle later in the Gemini flights, but following the success of Leonov's EVA, the United States decided to outdo the Soviets. On June 3, 1965, Ed White left Gemini 4 and performed America's first EVA. White nearly doubled Leonov's time outside the capsule. Unlike the Soviet Voskhod vehicle, the Gemini vehicle could be opened to outerspace without overheating the electronics inside. Like Leonov, White had trouble opening and closing his hatch. Because the Gemini capsule was open to space, White was able to get his commander, Jim McDivitt, to help him open and close the hatch. The hatch was redesigned after Gemini 4 to make it easier for later crews to exit and re-enter the vehicle.

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