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The Messenians. They were not slaves, they were serfs, that is they were required to farm the land and deliver half their produce to Sparta. When the Spartans went to war they took 7 serfs (helots) for each Spartan infantryman to use as light infantry support (and coincidentally reduce the risk of an uprising in the absence of the Spartan warriors). When the Spartans lost many warriors in ongoing wars, they recruited serfs a heavy infantry, and granted them freedom after satisfactory service.

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